我国滑雪运动现状及发展战略研究     

王旭东  崔英波  谷化铮 《冰雪运动》2012,(5):23-27

运用文献资料法、访谈法、调查法、逻辑分析法和数理统计法等研究方法,对我国滑雪运动发展现状进行系统分析与讨论,找出政策、经济发展水平和自身发展水平等影响我国滑雪运动的发展变化的因素。提出促进发展滑雪运动与环境保护的协调发展,促进滑雪运动产业化发展进一步完善竞技体育举国体制,完善滑雪运动规划管理的措施,努力实现滑雪运动科技、教育、文化的可持续发展,增进国际间的友好交往,扩大国际间的合作等发展战略,为实现滑雪运动可持续发展的国家总体发展战略目标具有决定性的意义。  相似文献   

自由式滑雪空中技巧运动员不同姿势落地缓冲的生物力学机制研究     

娄彦涛  闫红光  马毅 《沈阳体育学院学报》2012,31(4):63-66

自由式滑雪空中技巧项目的落地所受冲击力较大,危险性较高。为减少运动员落地时造成损伤,提高动作的落地稳定性,采用瑞士KISTLER测力台和2台美国TROUBLESHOOTER高速摄像机,同步对6名国家自由式滑雪空中技巧男子运动员在50cm高度下以正常姿势落地和全脚掌落地缓冲实验,分析缓冲时间、标准力值、力值变化梯度、压力中心、人体倾斜角以及下肢关节角度等变化情况。结果表明,50cm高度下最大冲击力全脚掌为正常落地的1.44倍,极有可能造成人体损伤;压力中心前后方向上较小;人体倾斜角较大,说明产生的翻转力矩较小,故稳定性方面较好。  相似文献   

有氧能力关联基因多态与技巧类滑雪运动员跨项选材     

周文婷 《武汉体育学院学报》2019,53(6):66-71

目的：研究优秀技巧类滑雪运动员中4个有氧能力关联多态基因ACE、GLUT4、ADRB2和PPARGC1A的分布频率，及基于4个优势等位基因的基因型总分（TGS），探索上述多态基因与TGS作为我国优秀技巧类滑雪运动员跨项选材分子标记的可行性。方法：应用基质辅助激光解吸附电离飞行时间质谱检测技术，对68名中国北方汉族优秀技巧类滑雪运动员与138名中国北方汉族普通大学生ACE基因rs4340位点、GLUT4基因rs5418位点、ADRB2基因rs1042713位点和PPARGC1A基因rs8192678位点进行解析。计算并比较运动员与对照组在上述4个位点的TGS。结果：在上述4个多态位点，运动员与对照组间的基因型和等位基因频率无显著性差异（P>0.05）；两组人在携带的优势等位基因数量、TGS分值范围、平均TGS分值及TGS分值的分布频率上也均无显著性差异（P>0.05）。结论：ACE基因rs4340位点、GLUT4基因rs5418位点、ADRB2基因rs1042713位点、PPARGC1A基因rs8192678位点多态性和基于上述4个位点的TGS均无法作为中国北方汉族技巧类滑雪运动员的有氧能力跨项分子选材标记。  相似文献   

The role of path length- and speed-related factors for the enhancement of section performance in alpine giant slalom     

Jörg Spörri  Josef Kröll  Hermann Schwameder  Erich Müller 《European Journal of Sport Science》2018,18(7):911-919

Knowing how to enhance alpine skiing performance is essential for effective coaching. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of path length- and speed-related factors for performance enhancement, while skiing on a homogeneously set/constantly inclined giant slalom course section (average gate distance: 27?m; offset: 8?m; slope inclination: 26°). During a video-based three-dimensional kinematic field-experiment, the data of six athletes who skied a two-gate section on four different types of skis were collected. The performance parameter analysed was section time. The performance predictors analysed were centre of mass (CoM), path length and the change in specific mechanical energy per entrance speed along the analysed section. Furthermore, since the current study examined alpine skiing performance within short sections, the skier’s entrance speed was also considered. Classified as a high-performance and a low-performance group based on section time, slow and fast trials significantly differed in CoM path length, the change in specific mechanical energy per entrance speed and entrance speed. The entrance speed of all trials analysed ranged between 15.25 and 17.66?m/s. In trials with both high and low entrance speed, the change in specific mechanical energy per entrance speed was found to be more relevant for the prediction of section time than CoM path length. However, further studies should investigate whether such a prioritization can be unrestrictedly generalized to other situations, such as entrance speeds, course sets, slope inclinations and competition disciplines different to those assessed in the current study.  相似文献   

对优秀自由式滑雪空中技巧运动员反应时与背力的研究     

周燕  李世昌 《军事体育进修学院学报》2010,29(2):65-67

研究目的：自由式滑雪空中技巧运动属技能类难美项群的一个典型项目,对反应速度和肌肉力量都有很高的要求。通过对我国优秀自由式滑雪空中技巧运动员的反应时和背力的测量,并与体育学院大学生的进行对比,了解运动员的身体形态和机能特点,为今后我国优秀自由式滑雪空中技巧运动员的训练和选材提供一些参考。研究方法：以中国自由式滑雪空中技巧国家队的运动员16人作为研究组,体育学院04级社体大学生25人作为对照组,测量两组研究对象反应时和背力指标。研究结果：与对照组相比,运动员的背力较好,有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,反应时无统计学意义,但有存在差异的趋势;健将级运动员的背力和反应时与一般运动员相比,并无明显差异。研究结论：我国国家队的运动员已经拥有较好的背力,说明运动员在训练中已经加强了背力的训练;但反应时不理想,在今后的训练中有必要对此方面注意。  相似文献   

Skiing accidents in the past 15 years     

P. Matter  W. J. Ziegler  P. Holzach 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(3):319-326

For the last 15 years a statistical analysis of distances skied and of alpine skiing accidents has been performed in the Davos‐Klosters skiing area, a ‘closed’ skiing area, where every skier has to return from the top to the bottom station. Distance skied is measured by vertical drop in 10⁶ km determined by calculations from frequency surveys by lift‐operators. About 2.5 million km per season have been skied during the past years, a number remaining constant for the last 15 years. In the same time the requirement for rescue‐transports in this area has shown a decline of 46% to 288 transports per season due to a decrease of the number of injuries with initial immobilization. Therefore the so‐called transport‐quotient (one rescue‐transport per 10⁴ km of vertical drop skied) has decreased from its initial value of 4 to 1 per 10⁴ km. During the same time all winter sport injuries were analysed at the hospital of Davos. About 90% are injuries caused by alpine skiing resulting in a total of 17 246 alpine skiing injuries for the last 15 years. There is a great decline in the incidence of lower leg fractures with a contrary development of knee injuries. Today half of the lower leg injuries are knee injuries (280 knee injuries out of a total of 1250 alpine skiing accidents per season). There is a gradual increase of upper extremity injuries from 17% of all skiing injuries in 1972 to 35% in 1976. A Swiss multicentre study on skiing safety shows comparable injury patterns in other skiing areas. The average injury‐severity measured by several parameters is declining.

In a technical investigation of skiing equipment of 1072 persons who sustained an accident, only 32% had ski bindings with tolerable frontal release and 17% with tolerable torsional release. Parallel measurements of bindings of 600 non‐injured skiers gave the same alarming results. More research on the correlation between binding adjustment and knee injuries is needed.  相似文献   

Slovenian Skiing Identity: Historical Path and Reflection     

Borut Batagelj 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(6):647-658

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多媒体技术对滑雪教学质量影响的研究     

董晓琪  闫生 《冰雪运动》2013,(4):72-78

传统的滑雪课教学中陆地模仿教学、理论教学的时数占据整个教学时间的三分之二,严重制约了教学滑雪课教学的质量。采用多媒体技术教学与传统教学互相对比的方法进行试验研究,试验结果表明,多媒体技术运用能提高滑雪技术实践课的教学时数,实验组学生滑行技术掌握、技术评定和基本姿势明显优于对照组学生。有利于提高学生滑雪技术的掌握,教学,在提高教学质量和教学效率方面所起的作用是显著的;学生认为多媒体教学具有生动、形象、直观效果,能提高学生的学习兴趣和学习的积极性,从而更好的促进运动技术的掌握。分析论证显示,多媒体教学能有效激发学生的兴趣,能创设逼真教学情境,突出教学重点和难点,调动多感官学习,促进知识的获取和保持,扩大课堂教学的信息量等的作用,从而促进滑雪课教学的提高。  相似文献   

我国自由式滑雪雪上技巧项目索契冬奥会成绩展望与技术改进方向     

银刚  邓立平 《冰雪运动》2013,(2):43-47

自由式滑雪空中技巧运动适合我国的国情、国力,在较短时间内运动成绩提高显著,具有参加冬奥会潜优势项目的特征。通过对该项目中外运动员成绩和技术特点的分析比较,提出我国自由式滑雪空中技巧运动备战索契冬奥会的成绩目标,并以此目标为训练依据,从培养运动员基本姿势的稳定性与快速准确交换重心能力,加强运动员上体、髋关节控制能力,熟练把握转弯时机与转弯节奏变化技术,提高拼板立刃刻雪、点杖、提杖技术等几个方面改进回转技术;同时提高运动员完成比赛动作的滑行速度、空中技术动作的难度与完成的质量,从而提高比赛动作的得分,实现我国自由式滑雪雪上技巧项目在索契冬奥会成绩的突破。  相似文献   

Skiing‐Skating     

Dustin Bruening  James G. Richards 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(2):215-225

An articulated boot design is commonly used in skiing and skating sports because it allows sagittal plane ankle mobility while still providing critical frontal plane stability. Although articulated boots have been in use for several decades, current manufacturers of these boots differ in their articulation placement. In this study we determined an optimal position of the ankle articulation axis. We also calculated the amount of anterior skin movement that a boot tongue must account for during a full range of ankle motion. Three‐dimensional kinematic data were collected and analyzed from 40 participants moving their right foot through a full range of sagittal plane motion. The calculated horizontal position of the articulation axis was found to be highly predictable from foot length (r = 0.87, standard error of estimate = 3.44 mm), while its vertical component displayed less predictability (r = 0.49, standard error of estimate = 7.46 mm). The expansion required by the boot tongue had a moderate association with foot length and low variability (r = 0.58, standard error of estimate = 0.07 mm). An accurate axis placement will minimize relative motion between the boot cuff and the ankle, reducing friction and motion resistance. An expandable tongue will accommodate full plantar flexion and reduce pressure on the anterior ankle during dorsiflexion, eliminating common pressure‐related injuries.  相似文献